Explore expert Linux tutorials, command‑line guides, and practical tips at Heatware. Master Linux commands, scripting, and open‑source tools with our in‑depth articles.
Linux Troubleshooting & Tips
Restart SSH Service in Solaris 10/11: A Quick Guide
This guide explains how to restart the SSH service in Solaris 10 and Solaris 11. These steps will help ensure the SSH service is up and running smoothly. If you’re looking for SSH restart commands for other Linux distributions, here’s a quick reference table: Linux Distribution Init System Command to Restart SSH Ubuntu 16.04 and … Read more
5 Ways to Pass Command-Line Parameters to a Shell Script
Shell script arguments are a powerful way to make your scripts flexible, reusable, and interactive. These arguments allow you to pass data or instructions directly to the script from the command line, eliminating the need for hardcoding values or relying on user prompts during execution. One of the main advantages of using arguments is automation. … Read more
RPM Installation Dependencies – Explained
You will learn how to manage dependencies during RPM installation on Linux servers such as CentOS, RHEL, Fedora, and Ubuntu. We’ll provide step-by-step instructions on how to properly handle dependency issues and solve common issues. Whether you build your own RPM or use third-party, we’ll cover it in this guide. About RPM and Dependencies Each … Read more
How to Use rpmbuild on Ubuntu to Create an RPM Package
Ubuntu is designed around DEB packages and the APT package manager, but certain enterprise applications and vendor software require RPM packages. If you’re working in a mixed Linux environment or need to build RPMs from source on Ubuntu, this guide will walk you through installing rpmbuild, setting up dependencies, and successfully creating an RPM package … Read more
How to Find Files Owned by a Group in Linux
If you’re managing a Linux system, you might need to track down files that belong to a specific group. This can be crucial for security audits, preventing unauthorized access, and maintaining proper system organization. Whether you’re troubleshooting permissions, cleaning up storage, or auditing security, knowing how to find files owned by a group in Linux … Read more
Find Files Owned by a Specific User in Linux by Example
In Linux, every file belongs to a user and a group. Understanding file ownership is key to managing access, security, and system organization. There are many reasons to find files owned by a particular user—tracking down rogue files, cleaning up old user accounts, or performing security audits. In this guide, we’ll walk through different ways … Read more
How to Insert a String to the Beginning of a File on Linux
Sometimes, you need to add a line of text to the start of a file on Linux—maybe for logging, configuration, or just for organization. While you could open the file and manually paste the text, that’s not exactly efficient, especially if you’re dealing with multiple files. Luckily, Linux gives you a few quick ways to … Read more
Use Linux ‘passwd’ Command Non‑Interactively via Stdin
Automating tasks in Linux often requires managing user authentication efficiently. However, the passwd command typically prompts for manual input, making automation difficult. Fortunately, you can bypass interactive prompts using tools like chpasswd, echo, or expect. In this guide, you’ll learn multiple methods to automate password changes, improve security practices, and integrate these techniques into your … Read more
Find Files Less Than a Specific Size using Bash
If you need to find files less than a certain size using Bash, the find command is your best bet. Whether you’re cleaning up your system, managing logs, or just looking for small files, this command makes it quick and easy. Find Files Smaller Than a Specific Size The basic format to search for files … Read more
Fix “Unable to Fetch Some Archives” Error in Ubuntu
If you’ve ever seen the dreaded “Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with –fix-missing” error while updating or installing software on your Ubuntu or Debian system, you’re not alone. It’s one of those errors that pops up at the worst time and can grind your system maintenance tasks to a … Read more
How to disable ‘Last Login’ welcome message in Linux
When you log into a Linux system, especially via SSH, you might notice a message displaying the time and date of your last login. This feature, while useful for tracking access and detecting unauthorized logins, may not be necessary for everyone. Some users prefer a cleaner terminal interface without distractions. In this guide, we’ll show … Read more
4 Free Ways to Convert a PDF to Text File on Linux
Ever wondered why Linux users love converting PDFs to text? It’s a common task. Whether you’re dealing with research papers or contracts, converting PDFs to plain text makes handling them a breeze. If you’re a Linux fan or just diving into its capabilities, mastering PDF conversion is a handy skill. Linux has a bunch of … Read more
How to Create One or Many Files in Linux
Do you need an ultra fast way to create a large number of files in Linux? Perhaps, you are doing some load testing for an application and you need to create 1000 or even 1,000,000 files in the matter of seconds. Well, here is how to do it! There are two parts to creating these … Read more
How to Add a Windows Network Printer in Ubuntu
This article will show you how to add a network printer on a Ubuntu 9.10 system. Let’s go ahead and get started… Navigate to System –> Administration –> Printing Then choose Server –> New –> Printer from the Printer configuration window The New Printer wizard will be displayed. Here you can add either local or … Read more
Kill All Running Processes in Linux with a Single Command
Linux is a highly efficient and flexible operating system, but there are times when processes can misbehave, slow down the system, or consume excessive resources. In such cases, it may be necessary to terminate one, multiple, or even all processes. This guide provides a detailed explanation of how to kill all processes in Linux using … Read more
How to Easily Change Screen Resolution Settings in Ubuntu
If you’re running Ubuntu 9.10 and want to tweak your display settings, adjusting the screen resolution is a quick fix. Whether you’re trying to match your monitor’s native resolution or just make things look sharper, Ubuntu 9.10 has tools to help you get it done. Let’s walk through the steps to change the screen resolution, … Read more
How to Disable Password Prompts in Ubuntu Easily
This article will show you are to disable UAC (User Access Controls) aka those pesky popup dialogs where you must enter your password in Ubuntu Linux! As many of you know, this feature was implemented in Windows Vista but went horribly wrong and is the reason it has been removed in Windows 7. Linux, which … Read more
Quickly Install SSHD on Ubuntu in Just A Few Seconds
Secure Shell (SSH) is a critical tool for Linux users, enabling secure remote access to servers and facilitating encrypted file transfers. Ubuntu, being one of the most popular Linux distributions, offers seamless compatibility with SSH. This guide will walk you through the steps to install, configure, and manage SSH on Ubuntu, ensuring secure and efficient … Read more
How to compare to files in Linux in 5 ways
Comparing two files in Linux is a common task, especially when managing configurations or tracking code changes. Let’s explore some straightforward methods to help you spot differences between files. Using the diff Command The diff command is a staple for comparing files in Linux. It highlights line-by-line differences, making it easy to identify changes. Basic … Read more
How to Generate MD5 Checksums and Validate a File in Linux [2025]
This article will explain how to generate a MD5 Checksum on a file or list of files on Linux and how to validate a file against a known checksum. We’ll give you easy-to-follow examples as well as explanations. Let’s get started! What is a MD5 Checksum? The MD5 checksum is a widely used cryptographic hash … Read more
How to Open and Extract .tar.bz2 Files by Example
If you’ve never seen a .tar.bz2 file before, don’t worry—it’s just a compressed archive used on Linux and Unix-based systems to save space. A .tar.bz2 file is created in two steps—first, a .tar archive bundles multiple files, then bzip2 compresses it to save space. This format is commonly used in Linux and Unix systems for … Read more
How to Install an FTP Server on Linux in 30 Seconds
If you’re looking to move files quickly and efficiently between systems, setting up an FTP server for Linux is a solid option. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is reliable, widely used, and pretty straightforward to get up and running on Linux. Whether you’re managing a personal server or handling company data, an FTP server is a … Read more
Append Strings to a File in Linux: Beginner’s Guide
Appending data to files is a common task in Linux, whether you’re updating logs, adding configuration settings, or combining file contents. Linux provides several straightforward methods to append text or other data to an existing file. This guide will cover different tools and commands you can use for this purpose. Using the >> Operator for … Read more
RPM Installation on Linux: A Beginner’s Guide!
This guide will take you through the basics of RPM and show you how to install it on different Linux server distributions: Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). In the Linux space, mastering the art of installing, upgrading, and removing software packages is crucial. These tasks are generally handled by what’s known … Read more
How to List Installed RPM Packages on Linux
This article will show you to how to list of all installed RPM packages on Linux distributions like Ubuntu, CentOS, RHEL, and Fedora. We’ll show you how to solve this using the rpm and dpkg commands. RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) is used by distributions such as CentOS, RHEL, and Fedora for package management. Ubuntu, … Read more